扩散概率模型已被证明在几个竞争性图像综合基准上产生最先进的结果，但缺乏低维，可解释的潜在空间，并且在一代中慢慢。另一方面，变形AutoEncoders（VAES）通常可以访问低维潜空间，但表现出差的样品质量。尽管最近的进步，VAE通常需要潜在代码的高维层次结构来产生高质量样本。我们呈现DiffUsevae，一种新的生成框架，它在扩散模型框架内集成了VAE，并利用这一点以设计用于扩散模型的新型条件参数化。我们表明所得模型可以在采样效率方面提高无条件扩散模型，同时还配备了具有低维VAE的扩散模型推断潜码。此外，我们表明所提出的模型可以产生高分辨率样本，并展示与标准基准上的最先进模型相当的合成质量。最后，我们表明所提出的方法可用于可控制的图像合成，并且还展示了图像超分辨率和去噪等下游任务的开箱即用功能。为了重现性，我们的源代码将公开可用于\ url {https://github.com/kpandey008/diffusevae}。

本文介绍了在自动语音识别（ASR）的语境中的声学模型的新型深度学习架构，称为MixNet。除了在LSTM-HMM中的DNN-HMM和存储器单元中的完全连接层之外，该模型使用基于专家（MOE）的混合的两个附加层。在输入时操作的第一个Moe层基于预定义的广义语音类，并且在倒数第二层操作的第二层基于自动学习的声学类。在自然语音中，不同声学类的分布在分布中是不可避免的，这导致帧间错误分类。如果经过修改的传统架构，则预期ASR精度将改进，以使其更适合于占这种重叠。 MixNet正在开发牢记这一点。通过散点图进行的分析验证了MOE确实改善了转化为更好ASR精度的类之间的分离。实验在大型词汇ASR任务上进行，表明，与传统模型，即DNN和LSTM分别提供了13.6％和10.0％的单词误差速率，即使用SMBR标准训练。与用于电话分类的现有方法相比（由EIGEN等人），我们所提出的方法产生了显着的改善。

Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography (CCTA) provides information on the presence, extent, and severity of obstructive coronary artery disease. Large-scale clinical studies analyzing CCTA-derived metrics typically require ground-truth validation in the form of high-fidelity 3D intravascular imaging. However, manual rigid alignment of intravascular images to corresponding CCTA images is both time consuming and user-dependent. Moreover, intravascular modalities suffer from several non-rigid motion-induced distortions arising from distortions in the imaging catheter path. To address these issues, we here present a semi-automatic segmentation-based framework for both rigid and non-rigid matching of intravascular images to CCTA images. We formulate the problem in terms of finding the optimal \emph{virtual catheter path} that samples the CCTA data to recapitulate the coronary artery morphology found in the intravascular image. We validate our co-registration framework on a cohort of $n=40$ patients using bifurcation landmarks as ground truth for longitudinal and rotational registration. Our results indicate that our non-rigid registration significantly outperforms other co-registration approaches for luminal bifurcation alignment in both longitudinal (mean mismatch: 3.3 frames) and rotational directions (mean mismatch: 28.6 degrees). By providing a differentiable framework for automatic multi-modal intravascular data fusion, our developed co-registration modules significantly reduces the manual effort required to conduct large-scale multi-modal clinical studies while also providing a solid foundation for the development of machine learning-based co-registration approaches.

Attention mechanisms form a core component of several successful deep learning architectures, and are based on one key idea: ''The output depends only on a small (but unknown) segment of the input.'' In several practical applications like image captioning and language translation, this is mostly true. In trained models with an attention mechanism, the outputs of an intermediate module that encodes the segment of input responsible for the output is often used as a way to peek into the `reasoning` of the network. We make such a notion more precise for a variant of the classification problem that we term selective dependence classification (SDC) when used with attention model architectures. Under such a setting, we demonstrate various error modes where an attention model can be accurate but fail to be interpretable, and show that such models do occur as a result of training. We illustrate various situations that can accentuate and mitigate this behaviour. Finally, we use our objective definition of interpretability for SDC tasks to evaluate a few attention model learning algorithms designed to encourage sparsity and demonstrate that these algorithms help improve interpretability.

The Information Bottleneck theory provides a theoretical and computational framework for finding approximate minimum sufficient statistics. Analysis of the Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) training of a neural network on a toy problem has shown the existence of two phases, fitting and compression. In this work, we analyze the SGD training process of a Deep Neural Network on MNIST classification and confirm the existence of two phases of SGD training. We also propose a setup for estimating the mutual information for a Deep Neural Network through Variational Inference.

The paper presents a cross-domain review analysis on four popular review datasets: Amazon, Yelp, Steam, IMDb. The analysis is performed using Hadoop and Spark, which allows for efficient and scalable processing of large datasets. By examining close to 12 million reviews from these four online forums, we hope to uncover interesting trends in sales and customer sentiment over the years. Our analysis will include a study of the number of reviews and their distribution over time, as well as an examination of the relationship between various review attributes such as upvotes, creation time, rating, and sentiment. By comparing the reviews across different domains, we hope to gain insight into the factors that drive customer satisfaction and engagement in different product categories.

Modern telecom systems are monitored with performance and system logs from multiple application layers and components. Detecting anomalous events from these logs is key to identify security breaches, resource over-utilization, critical/fatal errors, etc. Current supervised log anomaly detection frameworks tend to perform poorly on new types or signatures of anomalies with few or unseen samples in the training data. In this work, we propose a meta-learning-based log anomaly detection framework (LogAnMeta) for detecting anomalies from sequence of log events with few samples. LoganMeta train a hybrid few-shot classifier in an episodic manner. The experimental results demonstrate the efficacy of our proposed method

Despite recent progress towards scaling up multimodal vision-language models, these models are still known to struggle on compositional generalization benchmarks such as Winoground. We find that a critical component lacking from current vision-language models is relation-level alignment: the ability to match directional semantic relations in text (e.g., "mug in grass") with spatial relationships in the image (e.g., the position of the mug relative to the grass). To tackle this problem, we show that relation alignment can be enforced by encouraging the directed language attention from 'mug' to 'grass' (capturing the semantic relation 'in') to match the directed visual attention from the mug to the grass. Tokens and their corresponding objects are softly identified using the cross-modal attention. We prove that this notion of soft relation alignment is equivalent to enforcing congruence between vision and language attention matrices under a 'change of basis' provided by the cross-modal attention matrix. Intuitively, our approach projects visual attention into the language attention space to calculate its divergence from the actual language attention, and vice versa. We apply our Cross-modal Attention Congruence Regularization (CACR) loss to UNITER and improve on the state-of-the-art approach to Winoground.

Complex and contact-rich robotic manipulation tasks, particularly those that involve multi-fingered hands and underactuated object manipulation, present a significant challenge to any control method. Methods based on reinforcement learning offer an appealing choice for such settings, as they can enable robots to learn to delicately balance contact forces and dexterously reposition objects without strong modeling assumptions. However, running reinforcement learning on real-world dexterous manipulation systems often requires significant manual engineering. This negates the benefits of autonomous data collection and ease of use that reinforcement learning should in principle provide. In this paper, we describe a system for vision-based dexterous manipulation that provides a "programming-free" approach for users to define new tasks and enable robots with complex multi-fingered hands to learn to perform them through interaction. The core principle underlying our system is that, in a vision-based setting, users should be able to provide high-level intermediate supervision that circumvents challenges in teleoperation or kinesthetic teaching which allow a robot to not only learn a task efficiently but also to autonomously practice. Our system includes a framework for users to define a final task and intermediate sub-tasks with image examples, a reinforcement learning procedure that learns the task autonomously without interventions, and experimental results with a four-finger robotic hand learning multi-stage object manipulation tasks directly in the real world, without simulation, manual modeling, or reward engineering.

Non-parametric tests can determine the better of two stochastic optimization algorithms when benchmarking results are ordinal, like the final fitness values of multiple trials. For many benchmarks, however, a trial can also terminate once it reaches a pre-specified target value. When only some trials reach the target value, two variables characterize a trial's outcome: the time it takes to reach the target value (or not) and its final fitness value. This paper describes a simple way to impose linear order on this two-variable trial data set so that traditional non-parametric methods can determine the better algorithm when neither dominates. We illustrate the method with the Mann-Whitney U-test. A simulation demonstrates that U-scores are much more effective than dominance when tasked with identifying the better of two algorithms. We test U-scores by having them determine the winners of the CEC 2022 Special Session and Competition on Real-Parameter Numerical Optimization.